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Energy Systems & Electric Power Grids
Halt das Netz stabil, während es um Wind und Sonne neu gebaut wird.
Der komplette Kurs
- Module
- 65
- Themen
- 678
- Min. pro Lektion
- 15
41%
der Arbeitgeber erwarten, dass Erzeugung, Speicherung und Verteilung von Energie ihr Geschäft verändern.
Was du danach kannst.
Sicher in Drehstrom und Per-Unit rechnen
Etappe 1 · Grid Foundations
Lastfluss- und Kurzschlussstudien fahren
Etappe 3 · Analysis & Protection
Schutz koordinieren, damit Fehler lokal bleiben
Etappe 3 · Analysis & Protection
Frequenz in schwachen Netzen halten
Etappe 4 · Control & Stability
Solar, Speicher und Microgrids sicher anschließen
Etappe 5 · Distribution & Clean-Energy Integration
Ein Netz nach einem Blackout wiederherstellen
Etappe 6 · Operations, Planning & Resilience
Sieben Etappen.Ein stetiger Aufstieg.
Von Drehstrom-Grundlagen bis zur Netzwiederherstellung nach dem Blackout.
65Module
in 7 Etappen
678Themen
≈ 10 pro Modul
≈170Stunden
in Lektionen à 15 Minuten
≈22Monate
≈11Monate
≈6Monate
bis zum Ende des Kurses
- 1
Grid Foundations
Wie Strom fließt, in Zahlen
10 Module · 100 Themen · ≈ 25 Std.
- 2
Equipment & Networks
Die Hardware zwischen Kraftwerk und Steckdose
8 Module · 84 Themen · ≈ 21 Std.
- 3
Analysis & Protection
Grenzen finden, Fehler klären
9 Module · 92 Themen · ≈ 23 Std.
- 4
Control & Stability
50 oder 60 Hertz stabil halten
10 Module · 108 Themen · ≈ 27 Std.
- 5
Distribution & Clean-Energy Integration
Wo die neue Energie andockt
9 Module · 94 Themen · ≈ 24 Std.
- 6
Operations, Planning & Resilience
Live betreiben, im Voraus planen
14 Module · 147 Themen · ≈ 37 Std.
- 7
Engineering Practice & Studies
Studien, Tests und Anlagensicherheit
5 Module · 53 Themen · ≈ 13 Std.
Monate
04812160246801234
MonateZiel · ≈ 22 Monate · ≈ 11 Monate · ≈ 6 Monate
Stunden und Monate sind Schätzungen: eine 15-Minuten-Lektion pro Thema, jeden Tag.
Jedes Modul.Jedes Thema.
Modul- und Themen-Titel bleiben Englisch — die Sprache, in der das Fach arbeitet.
Etappe 1
Grid Foundations
Wie Strom fließt, in Zahlen
10 Module · 100 Themen
1The World of Energy Systems9 Themen
- Energy Sources, Carriers, and End-Use Services
- The Role of Electricity in Energy Systems
- Generation, Conversion, Transport, Storage, and Consumption
- Energy Systems as Interconnected Physical Networks
- Centralized and Distributed Energy Supply
- Power-System Engineering and Its Responsibilities
- Reliability, Efficiency, Flexibility, and Resilience
- Technical Constraints Across the Energy Supply Chain
- Understanding the Grid as a Complete System
2Energy Flows and System Balances10 Themen
- Primary, Final, and Useful Energy
- Power vs. Energy
- Energy Conversion and Conversion Losses
- Energy Balances and System Boundaries
- Reading Energy-Flow and Sankey Diagrams
- Instantaneous Power Balance
- Daily, Seasonal, and Annual Energy Balance
- Capacity, Utilization, and Available Output
- Electrical Losses vs. End-Use Inefficiency
- Avoiding Double Counting in Integrated Energy Systems
3Electric Grid Architecture10 Themen
- Generation, Transmission, Subtransmission, and Distribution
- Voltage Levels and Their Engineering Purposes
- Radial, Ring, and Meshed Networks
- Substations and Network Interconnection Points
- Synchronous Areas and Asynchronous Connections
- Central Power Stations and Distributed Resources
- Bulk-System and Local-Network Responsibilities
- Customer Connections and the Point of Common Coupling
- Physical Power Flows vs. Contractual Energy Exchanges
- How Network Architecture Shapes System Behavior
4Electrical Quantities and AC Behavior10 Themen
- Voltage, Current, Resistance, and Impedance
- Sinusoidal Waveforms and Frequency
- RMS, Peak, and Instantaneous Values
- Phase Angle and Phase Relationships
- Inductance and Capacitance in Power Networks
- Complex Numbers and Phasors
- Reactance and Frequency Dependence
- Kirchhoff's Laws in Network Analysis
- Steady-State Behavior vs. Transients
- Reference Directions and Consistent Sign Conventions
5Active Power, Reactive Power, and Power Factor10 Themen
- Instantaneous and Average Power
- Active, Reactive, and Apparent Power
- Complex Power and the Power Triangle
- Inductive and Capacitive Reactive-Power Exchange
- Displacement Power Factor and True Power Factor
- Reactive Power and Current Loading
- Power Factor and Network Losses
- Reactive-Power Balance Across a Network
- Why Reactive Power Is Not Simply Wasted Energy
- Measuring and Interpreting Power Quantities
6Three-Phase Power Systems10 Themen
- Why Power Systems Use Three Phases
- Phase Sequence and Balanced Waveforms
- Star and Delta Connections
- Line and Phase Voltages
- Line and Phase Currents
- Power in Balanced Three-Phase Systems
- Balanced-System Single-Phase Equivalents
- Unbalanced Loads and Unequal Phase Voltages
- Neutral Currents and Four-Wire Systems
- Three-Phase Measurements and Common Interpretation Errors
7Per-Unit Systems and Network Models10 Themen
- Why Engineers Normalize Electrical Quantities
- Choosing Power and Voltage Bases
- Base Current and Base Impedance
- Converting Between Physical and Per-Unit Values
- Changing Bases Across Connected Equipment
- Transformer Ratios in Per-Unit Models
- Series Impedance and Shunt Admittance
- Equivalent Circuits and Network Reduction
- Bus-Admittance and Bus-Impedance Matrices
- Checking Model Consistency Before Calculation
8Single-Line Diagrams and Grid Data10 Themen
- Reading Single-Line Diagrams
- Buses, Branches, Transformers, and Sources
- Circuit Breakers, Disconnectors, and Grounding Symbols
- Equipment Ratings and Nameplate Data
- Bus-Branch Models and Node-Breaker Models
- Connectivity, Switching State, and Network Topology
- Naming Conventions and Equipment Identifiers
- Asset Registers and Geographic Information
- Model Versions and As-Built Changes
- Detecting Missing, Contradictory, and Outdated Network Data
9Electrical Loads and Demand Characteristics11 Themen
- Residential, Commercial, Industrial, and Transport Loads
- Connected Load, Demand, and Coincident Peak
- Load Factor and Diversity
- Daily Load Curves and Load-Duration Curves
- Constant-Power, Constant-Current, and Constant-Impedance Models
- Composite Load Models
- Induction Motors and Dynamic Load Behavior
- Voltage and Frequency Sensitivity of Demand
- Phase Imbalance and Local Demand Concentration
- Load Restoration and Cold-Load Pickup
- Why Aggregate Load Behavior Changes Over Time
10Demand Forecasting and Uncertainty10 Themen
- Forecast Horizons and Their Operational Uses
- Weather, Calendar, and Economic Activity as Demand Drivers
- Data Quality and Missing Measurements
- Baseline Forecasts and Historical Comparisons
- Peak-Demand and Energy-Demand Forecasts
- Electrification and New Load Categories
- Behind-the-Meter Resources and Net Demand
- Forecast Error and Prediction Intervals
- Spatial Forecasting for Feeders and Substations
- Scenario-Based Planning Under Uncertainty
Etappe 2
Equipment & Networks
Die Hardware zwischen Kraftwerk und Steckdose
8 Module · 84 Themen
11Generation Resources as Grid Participants10 Themen
- Installed Capacity vs. Available Generation
- Dispatchable, Variable, and Energy-Limited Resources
- Minimum Output and Operating Ranges
- Ramp Rates and Startup Constraints
- Planned and Forced Outages
- Active- and Reactive-Power Capability
- Station Service and Net Export
- Synchronous and Converter-Interfaced Connections
- Operating Reserves and Resource Headroom
- Matching Resource Capabilities to System Needs
12Synchronous Generators and Grid Interaction11 Themen
- Rotating Magnetic Fields and Synchronous Speed
- Generator Equivalent Circuits
- Internal Voltage, Terminal Voltage, and Power Angle
- Active Power and Mechanical Torque
- Excitation and Reactive-Power Control
- Generator Capability Curves
- Governor and Excitation-System Roles
- Rotor Inertia and Disturbance Response
- Synchronization Conditions at a Conceptual Level
- Generator Step-Up Connections and Auxiliary Loads
- Operating Limits and Abnormal Grid Conditions
13Power Transformers11 Themen
- Transformer Roles in the Grid
- Turns Ratios and Voltage Transformation
- Equivalent Circuits and Leakage Impedance
- Copper Losses, Core Losses, and Efficiency
- Three-Phase Connections and Vector Groups
- Neutral Connections and Zero-Sequence Paths
- Off-Circuit and On-Load Tap Changing
- Parallel Transformer Operation and Load Sharing
- Thermal Loading, Cooling, and Insulation Aging
- Inrush Current and Overexcitation
- Autotransformers and Phase-Shifting Transformers
14Overhead Transmission Lines11 Themen
- Conductors, Insulators, and Line Configurations
- Resistance, Inductance, and Capacitance
- Conductor Bundles and Phase Arrangement
- Short-, Medium-, and Long-Line Models
- Voltage Regulation and Reactive-Power Exchange
- Line Charging and the Ferranti Effect
- Surge Impedance and Natural Loading
- Thermal Ratings and Environmental Conditions
- Sag, Clearance, and Mechanical-Electrical Constraints
- Corona and Electrical Loss Mechanisms
- Factors That Limit Practical Power Transfer
15Underground and Submarine Cables10 Themen
- Cable Conductors, Insulation, Screens, and Sheaths
- Cable Resistance, Capacitance, and Charging Current
- Thermal Resistance of the Installation Environment
- Continuous, Cyclic, and Emergency Ratings
- Sheath Bonding and Circulating Currents
- Cable Length and Reactive-Power Requirements
- Joints, Terminations, and Interface Reliability
- AC and DC Cable Applications
- Fault Location and Repair Constraints
- Comparing Cable and Overhead-Line System Impacts
16Substations and Switching Equipment11 Themen
- Substation Functions and Main Equipment
- Air-Insulated and Gas-Insulated Arrangements
- Busbar Configurations and Operational Flexibility
- Circuit Breakers and Fault Interruption
- Disconnectors and Earthing Switches
- Making, Breaking, and Withstand Ratings
- Current Transformers and Voltage Transformers
- Station DC Supplies and Auxiliary Power
- Interlocking and Equipment-State Verification
- Equipment Layout as a Reliability and Maintainability Constraint
- Understanding Substation Schemes Without Treating Them as Switching Instructions
17Grounding, Earthing, and Neutral Systems10 Themen
- System Grounding vs. Protective Earthing
- Ground-Fault Current and Return Paths
- Solid, Resistance, Reactance, and Resonant Grounding
- Isolated Neutral Systems
- Grounding Effects on Fault Detection
- Earth Potential Rise
- Touch and Step Voltage as Safety Concepts
- Ground Grids, Bonding, and Equipotential Zones
- Cable Sheaths, Neutrals, and Parallel Return Paths
- Grounding Studies and the Need for Site-Specific Design
18Insulation Coordination and Overvoltages10 Themen
- Electrical Stress and Insulation Strength
- Lightning, Switching, and Temporary Overvoltages
- Traveling Waves and Reflections
- Insulation Levels and Equipment Coordination
- Surge Arresters and Protective Characteristics
- Shielding and Lightning Exposure
- Transformer and Cable Transient Interactions
- Resonance and Ferroresonance
- Pollution, Moisture, and Insulation Performance
- Coordinating Protection Without Exceeding Equipment Limits
Etappe 3
Analysis & Protection
Grenzen finden, Fehler klären
9 Module · 92 Themen
19Power-Flow Analysis11 Themen
- What a Power-Flow Study Determines
- Bus Types and Specified Variables
- Active- and Reactive-Power Balance Equations
- Slack-Bus and Distributed-Slack Concepts
- Newton-Raphson and Other Solution Approaches
- Voltage Magnitudes and Phase Angles
- Branch Flows and Network Losses
- Transformer Taps and Reactive-Power Limits
- DC Power-Flow Approximation and Its Limits
- Convergence Problems and Infeasible Operating Conditions
- Interpreting Results Before Making Engineering Decisions
20Unbalanced Distribution-Network Analysis10 Themen
- Why Distribution Networks Need Different Models
- Phase-Specific Connectivity and Loading
- Single-Phase, Two-Phase, and Three-Phase Branches
- Neutral Conductors and Ground Return
- Unequal Phase Impedances and Mutual Coupling
- Distribution Transformer Connections
- Radial and Weakly Meshed Solution Methods
- Voltage Drop Along a Feeder
- Reverse Power Flow and Voltage Rise
- Time-Series Analysis of Changing Loads and Resources
21Operating Limits and Contingency Analysis11 Themen
- Thermal, Voltage, and Stability Limits
- Normal and Emergency Equipment Ratings
- Network Bottlenecks and Transfer Constraints
- Credible Contingencies and Study Scope
- The N-1 Criterion and Its Application Limits
- Line, Transformer, and Generator Outages
- Power Redistribution After Equipment Loss
- Preventive and Corrective Control Options
- Transfer Sensitivities and Outage Distribution Factors
- Separating a Converged Study from an Acceptable Operating State
- Reporting Violations, Assumptions, and Remaining Risks
22Short-Circuit Fundamentals10 Themen
- Fault Types and Their Physical Causes
- Fault Current vs. Normal Load Current
- Three-Phase Faults and Equivalent Source Impedance
- Generator Subtransient, Transient, and Steady-State Contributions
- Transformer and Line Impedance Contributions
- Motor Contributions to Fault Current
- DC Offset and Asymmetrical Current
- Peak, RMS, Making, and Breaking Duties
- Maximum and Minimum Fault-Level Studies
- Converter-Limited Fault Contributions and Model Limitations
23Symmetrical Components and Unbalanced Faults10 Themen
- Positive-, Negative-, and Zero-Sequence Components
- Transforming Phase Quantities into Sequence Quantities
- Sequence Networks of Lines and Machines
- Transformer Connections and Zero-Sequence Blocking
- Single-Line-to-Ground Faults
- Line-to-Line Faults
- Double-Line-to-Ground Faults
- Grounding Impedance and Fault-Current Magnitude
- Fault Resistance and Detection Challenges
- Relating Sequence Results Back to Phase Voltages and Currents
24Principles of Power-System Protection10 Themen
- Protection Objectives and Protected Zones
- Selectivity, Sensitivity, Speed, and Reliability
- Dependability vs. Security of Protection
- Primary and Backup Protection
- Measurement, Decision, and Trip Functions
- Relay Inputs and Instrument-Transformer Behavior
- Fault Detection vs. Normal System Disturbances
- Coordination with Breakers and Equipment Limits
- Communications-Assisted Protection Concepts
- Protection Testing, Change Control, and Documentation
25Overcurrent and Ground-Fault Protection10 Themen
- Instantaneous and Time-Delayed Overcurrent Elements
- Definite-Time and Inverse-Time Characteristics
- Directional Overcurrent Protection
- Residual and Ground-Fault Measurements
- Coordination Between Relays, Fuses, and Reclosers
- Minimum Fault Current and Detection Sensitivity
- Maximum Load, Motor Starting, and Inrush Constraints
- Grounding Method and Earth-Fault Protection Choice
- Distributed Generation and Coordination Changes
- Evaluating Coordination in Approved Study Models
26Transmission-Line Protection10 Themen
- Distance Protection and Apparent Impedance
- Protection Zones and Reach Concepts
- Line Differential Protection
- Directional Comparison and Pilot Schemes
- Communications Dependence and Channel Failure
- Load Encroachment and Power Swings
- Fault Resistance and Remote Infeed Effects
- Mutual Coupling and Parallel Circuits
- Autoreclosing and Synchronism-Check Functions
- Balancing Fault Clearance with Secure System Operation
27Protection of Major Equipment10 Themen
- Transformer Differential Protection
- Restricted Earth-Fault and Backup Functions
- Transformer Inrush and Differential Restraint
- Generator Electrical and Mechanical Protection Interfaces
- Negative-Sequence, Loss-of-Excitation, and Reverse-Power Functions
- Busbar Protection and Zone Boundaries
- Motor Protection and Thermal Models
- Capacitor-Bank and Reactor Protection
- Breaker-Failure Protection
- Protection Coordination Across Equipment Interfaces
Etappe 4
Control & Stability
50 oder 60 Hertz stabil halten
10 Module · 108 Themen
28Voltage Regulation and Reactive-Power Control10 Themen
- Voltage Profiles and Reactive-Power Balance
- Local and System-Wide Voltage Control
- Generator Excitation and Automatic Voltage Regulation
- Transformer Tap Control
- Distribution Voltage Regulators
- Reactive-Power Limits and Voltage-Control Saturation
- Coordination Between Fast and Slow Controls
- Line-Drop Compensation Concepts
- Voltage Control Under Light and Heavy Loading
- Avoiding Conflicting Control Actions and Excessive Switching
29Reactive Compensation and Flexible AC Transmission11 Themen
- Shunt Capacitor Banks and Reactive Support
- Shunt Reactors and Charging-Power Absorption
- Fixed, Switched, and Continuously Controlled Compensation
- Series Compensation and Power-Transfer Characteristics
- Static VAR Compensators
- STATCOMs and Voltage-Support Capability
- Synchronous Condensers
- Harmonic Filtering and Compensation-System Resonance
- Device Location, Rating, and Network Sensitivity
- Comparing Steady-State Support with Dynamic Performance
- Selecting Compensation for a Defined Grid Problem
30Frequency Control and Power Balancing11 Themen
- Generation-Demand Imbalance and Frequency Change
- Inertial Response and Stored Rotational Energy
- Primary Frequency Response and Droop
- Secondary Control and Automatic Generation Control
- Scheduled Interchange and Area Control Error
- Tertiary Control and Reserve Replacement
- Regulation, Contingency, and Ramping Reserves
- Response Speed, Duration, and Available Headroom
- Load Participation in Frequency Control
- Coordinating Responses Across an Interconnected System
- Technical Balancing Requirements vs. Market Arrangements
31Generation Scheduling and Constrained Dispatch11 Themen
- Operating Schedules and Feasible Resource Combinations
- Unit Commitment as a Technical Scheduling Problem
- Minimum Up-Time and Down-Time Constraints
- Startup, Shutdown, and Ramp-Rate Limits
- Reserve Requirements and Deliverability
- Dispatch Objectives and Physical Constraints
- Optimal Power Flow as a Constrained Network Problem
- Congestion and Redispatch
- Energy-Limited Resources in Multi-Period Schedules
- Forecast Updates and Rolling Operational Plans
- Distinguishing Dispatch Feasibility from Price Formation
32Rotor-Angle Stability11 Themen
- Synchronism and Relative Rotor Motion
- The Swing Equation
- Power-Angle Relationships
- Small-Disturbance Rotor-Angle Stability
- Oscillation Modes and Damping
- Local and Inter-Area Oscillations
- Power-System Stabilizer Functions
- Transient Stability After Large Disturbances
- Fault-Clearing Time and Stability Margins
- Multimachine Interactions and Study Assumptions
- Interpreting Stability Results Without Overgeneralizing Them
33Voltage Stability10 Themen
- Voltage Regulation vs. Voltage Stability
- Load Increase and Declining Voltage Support
- P-V and Q-V Curves
- Reactive-Power Reserves and Their Location
- Generator Reactive Limits and Tap-Changer Interactions
- Motor Stalling and Load Recovery
- Short-Term and Long-Term Voltage Instability
- Voltage Collapse as a System Process
- Continuation Power Flow and Stability Margins
- Evaluating Corrective Measures in Different Operating Conditions
34Frequency Stability and Low-Inertia Operation11 Themen
- Frequency Trajectories After a Power Imbalance
- Rate of Change of Frequency
- Frequency Nadir and Quasi-Steady-State Deviation
- Inertia, Response Delay, and Available Reserves
- Fast Frequency Response vs. Synthetic Inertia
- Energy and Headroom Limits on Fast Support
- Frequency-Sensitive Loads and Demand Relief
- Underfrequency Protection and Emergency Load-Shedding Concepts
- Large Infeed Losses and System Separation
- Frequency Security in Smaller and Low-Inertia Systems
- Validating Models for Fast Disturbance Response
35Power-Electronic Grid Interfaces11 Themen
- The Converter as a Controllable Grid Interface
- AC-DC and DC-AC Conversion at System Level
- Active- and Reactive-Power Control
- Converter Current and Voltage Limits
- DC-Link Energy and Power Balance
- Synchronization and Phase-Locked Loops
- Filters and Grid-Coupling Impedance
- Converter Fault Response and Protection Interaction
- Ride-Through Behavior and Recovery
- Control Bandwidth and Network Interaction
- Selecting Appropriate Converter Models for Grid Studies
36Inverter-Dominated Power Systems12 Themen
- Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control Concepts
- Voltage and Frequency References in Converter-Based Systems
- System Strength vs. Rotational Inertia
- Short-Circuit Ratio and Its Limitations
- Weak-Grid Conditions and Control Interactions
- Current Limiting During Disturbances
- Droop-Based Power Sharing and Virtual-Machine Concepts
- Interaction Between Multiple Converter Controls
- Coordination with Synchronous Machines
- Islanded Operation and Black-Start Capability Conditions
- Stability Assessment Beyond Traditional Phasor Models
- Testing Performance Against Defined Network Conditions
37HVDC Links and Asynchronous Interconnections10 Themen
- Why Power Systems Use HVDC
- Point-to-Point and Back-to-Back Links
- Line-Commutated and Voltage-Source Converter Systems
- Converter Stations and AC-System Interfaces
- DC Lines, Cables, and Operating Constraints
- Power-Flow Control Across Asynchronous Areas
- Reactive-Power and Harmonic Requirements
- AC Faults, DC Faults, and Recovery Behavior
- Multiterminal DC Concepts
- Comparing AC and DC Options at the System Level
Etappe 5
Distribution & Clean-Energy Integration
Wo die neue Energie andockt
9 Module · 94 Themen
38Distribution-System Design10 Themen
- Distribution Feeders and Supply Areas
- Radial Feeders, Rings, and Networked Supply
- Primary and Secondary Distribution
- Distribution Transformers and Service Connections
- Phase Allocation and Load Balancing
- Conductor Sizing and Voltage-Drop Constraints
- Feeder Loading, Losses, and Supply Distance
- Sectionalizing and Alternative Supply Paths
- Urban, Rural, and Remote Network Differences
- Designing for Growth, Access, and Maintainability
39Distribution Automation and Voltage Management10 Themen
- Distribution Management Systems
- Remote Monitoring and Controllable Field Devices
- Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration Concepts
- Feeder Reconfiguration and Transfer Capacity
- Coordinating Regulators and Capacitor Banks
- Volt-VAR Optimization
- Conservation Voltage Reduction and Its Conditions
- Managing Reverse Power Flow
- Coordinating Automated Actions with Protection
- Evaluating Automation Under Incomplete or Delayed Data
40Grid Connection and Distributed Resources11 Themen
- The Point of Interconnection and Shared Responsibilities
- Connection Capacity vs. Available Network Capacity
- Network Data and Interconnection Study Assumptions
- Power-Flow and Voltage-Impact Studies
- Short-Circuit and Protection-Impact Studies
- Dynamic-Performance and Ride-Through Assessment
- Harmonic and Power-Quality Assessment
- Unintentional Islanding and Protection Coordination
- Export Limits and Controllable Connections
- Hosting Capacity and Its Dependence on Operating Conditions
- Connection Verification and Ongoing Performance Evidence
41Integrating Variable Renewable Generation10 Themen
- Resource Variability vs. Forecast Uncertainty
- Gross Demand and Net Demand
- Geographic Diversity and Correlated Output
- Forecasting Generation for Grid Operation
- Ramping Requirements and Forecast Errors
- Curtailment as a Technical Operating Measure
- Transmission Constraints and Resource Location
- Voltage and Frequency Support at the Grid Interface
- Variability Across Hours, Seasons, and Weather Years
- Distinguishing Resource Potential from Deliverable Electricity
42Energy Storage as a Grid Resource11 Themen
- Storage Power, Energy, and Duration
- State of Charge as an Operational Constraint
- Charging and Discharging in Network Models
- Round-Trip Losses and Energy Availability
- Frequency Response and Short-Duration Support
- Peak Management and Load Shifting
- Voltage Support and Local Network Constraints
- Reserve Provision and Sustained Delivery Requirements
- Coordinating Multiple Services Without Double Counting Capability
- Storage Availability During Long or Repeated System Events
- Representing Storage Operating Limits in Grid Studies
43Flexible Demand and Electrification11 Themen
- Demand Reduction, Load Shifting, and Load Shaping
- Flexible vs. Noninterruptible Demand
- Response Time, Duration, and Recovery Requirements
- Rebound Effects and Deferred Consumption
- Aggregating Flexible Loads
- Electric-Vehicle Charging as a Network Load
- Managed Charging and Bidirectional Grid Interfaces
- Heat Pumps and Electrified Thermal Demand
- Industrial Loads and Process Constraints
- Large Electronic Loads and Data-Center Demand
- Verifying Flexibility Without Compromising Essential Services
44Microgrids and Islanded Power Systems10 Themen
- Microgrid Boundaries and Functional Objectives
- Grid-Connected and Islanded Operating Modes
- Local Generation, Storage, and Load Balance
- AC, DC, and Hybrid Microgrid Architectures
- Voltage and Frequency Control Without a Strong External Grid
- Protection with Changing Fault Levels
- Intentional Islanding and Transition Requirements
- Resynchronization and Reconnection Concepts
- Critical-Load Prioritization and Energy Constraints
- Validating Microgrid Behavior in Controlled Test Scenarios
45Power Quality and Supply Disturbances10 Themen
- Power Quality vs. Supply Reliability
- Voltage Sags, Swells, and Interruptions
- Rapid Voltage Changes and Flicker
- Voltage Unbalance
- Waveform Distortion
- Switching and Impulsive Transients
- Equipment Sensitivity and Compatibility
- Disturbance Monitoring and Event Classification
- Separating the Source of a Disturbance from Its Observed Effects
- Selecting Mitigation Based on a Defined Power-Quality Problem
46Harmonics and Network Resonance11 Themen
- Nonlinear Loads and Harmonic Currents
- Harmonic Order and Sequence Behavior
- Triplen Harmonics and Neutral Loading
- Current Distortion vs. Voltage Distortion
- Total Harmonic Distortion and Its Limits as a Metric
- Frequency-Dependent Network Impedance
- Series and Parallel Resonance
- Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Amplification
- Passive and Active Filtering at the Grid Interface
- Harmonic Propagation Through Transformers and Feeders
- Harmonic Studies Across Different Network Configurations
Etappe 6
Operations, Planning & Resilience
Live betreiben, im Voraus planen
14 Module · 147 Themen
47Grid Measurements and Synchronized Data11 Themen
- Measurement Locations and System Visibility
- Instrument-Transformer Accuracy and Saturation
- Power, Energy, Voltage, and Frequency Measurements
- Smart Meters and Distribution-Level Data
- Phasor Measurement Units
- Time Synchronization and Phasor Alignment
- Reporting Rate, Latency, and Data Quality
- Disturbance Recorders and Event Waveforms
- Detecting Missing, Stale, and Inconsistent Measurements
- Combining Slow and Fast Measurement Streams
- Matching Measurement Capability to the Engineering Question
48SCADA, Control Systems, and Communications11 Themen
- Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
- Remote Terminal Units and Intelligent Electronic Devices
- Telemetry, Status Signals, and Control Commands
- Energy Management and Distribution Management Systems
- Substation Automation and Data Exchange
- Communications Availability, Latency, and Redundancy
- Command Authority, Interlocking, and Confirmation
- Alarm Management and Event Logging
- Time-Stamped Data and Sequence-of-Events Analysis
- Loss of Communications and Degraded Operating Modes
- Keeping Control-System Models Aligned with the Physical Grid
49State Estimation and Operational Awareness10 Themen
- Measured Quantities vs. Estimated System State
- Network Observability and Measurement Redundancy
- Weighted Least-Squares State Estimation
- Topology Processing and Switching-State Errors
- Detecting Bad Data and Inconsistent Inputs
- Pseudo-Measurements and Their Uncertainty
- Using Synchronized Phasor Data
- Real-Time Contingency Assessment
- Presenting Confidence and Limitations to Operators
- Distinguishing Missing Information from a Genuine Grid Disturbance
50Real-Time Operation and Outage Coordination11 Themen
- Normal, Alert, Emergency, and Restoration States
- Control-Room Roles and Authority Boundaries
- Operating Plans and Real-Time Deviations
- Monitoring Limits, Reserves, and Equipment Availability
- Coordinating Across Control Areas and Network Owners
- Planned Outages and Maintenance Windows
- Network Reconfiguration as an Approved Operational Process
- Managing Forecast Changes and Unexpected Resource Loss
- Alarm Prioritization and Situational Awareness
- Shift Handover, Records, and Decision Traceability
- Learning from Operational Events and Near Misses
51Emergency Response and System Restoration11 Themen
- Disturbance Containment and Cascading-Failure Concepts
- Defense Plans and Coordinated Emergency Controls
- Controlled Load Shedding and Service Priorities
- Black-Start Resources and Supporting Requirements
- Energization Paths and Network Charging Constraints
- Restoring Generation and Demand in Balance
- Cold-Load Pickup and Motor-Restart Challenges
- Island Synchronization and System Reconnection Concepts
- Communications and Coordination During Restoration
- Studying Restoration with Synthetic Networks and Approved Scenarios
- Validating Restoration Plans Through Exercises and Model Updates
52Resource Adequacy and Capacity Assessment11 Themen
- Adequacy vs. Operational Security
- Peak Capacity vs. Chronological Energy Sufficiency
- Planned and Forced Resource Unavailability
- Loss-of-Load Probability and Loss-of-Load Expectation
- Expected Unserved Energy
- Capacity Credit and Effective Load-Carrying Capability
- Correlated Demand and Resource Conditions
- Energy-Limited Storage in Adequacy Models
- Interconnection Support and Simultaneous Regional Stress
- Weather-Year Sampling and Scenario Coverage
- Interpreting Probabilistic Results Without Treating Them as Guarantees
53Network Reliability and Service Performance11 Themen
- Equipment Reliability vs. Customer Service Reliability
- Failure Rates, Repair Times, and Restoration Times
- Series, Parallel, and Redundant Supply Arrangements
- Common-Mode and Dependent Failures
- Frequency and Duration of Customer Interruptions
- SAIFI, SAIDI, and CAIDI
- Momentary Interruptions and Their Measurement
- Energy Not Supplied and Critical-Load Consequences
- The Effects of Automation, Sectionalizing, and Spare Capacity
- Data Definitions and Comparability Between Networks
- Using Reliability Evidence to Prioritize Engineering Improvements
54Transmission and Distribution Planning11 Themen
- Planning Horizons and Study Objectives
- Demand Growth, Resource Changes, and Asset Retirement
- Reference Cases and Alternative Development Scenarios
- Thermal, Voltage, Fault-Level, and Stability Constraints
- Reinforcement Options and Network Expansion
- Transformer, Feeder, and Corridor Capacity
- Interconnection and Transfer-Capability Studies
- Reliability and Resilience Requirements
- Phasing Investments Under Uncertainty
- Comparing Technical Options and Implementation Constraints
- Documenting Why a Preferred Network Plan Was Chosen
55Grid Modernization and Better Use of Existing Assets10 Themen
- Modernization Objectives Beyond Adding New Lines
- Dynamic Line Ratings and Environmental Inputs
- Reconductoring and Uprating Constraints
- Advanced Power-Flow Control
- Monitoring-Based Asset Utilization
- Network Reconfiguration and Operational Flexibility
- Flexible Connections and Controllable Demand
- Grid Services as Alternatives to Some Physical Reinforcements
- Dependence on Communications, Controls, and Verified Availability
- Evaluating Benefits Against New Failure Modes and Complexity
56Asset Health and Maintenance10 Themen
- Asset Criticality and Consequences of Failure
- Condition-Based and Time-Based Maintenance
- Transformer Thermal History and Insulation Condition
- Oil Analysis and Dissolved-Gas Interpretation Concepts
- Breaker Duty, Mechanism Condition, and Interrupting Capability
- Cable Insulation and Partial-Discharge Assessment
- Line, Insulator, and Grounding-System Inspection
- Spare Equipment and Replacement Lead Times
- Connecting Condition Data to Loading and Outage Decisions
- Maintaining Configuration and Test Records Across Asset Life
57Resilience and Common-Mode Stress10 Themen
- Reliability vs. Resilience
- Extreme Weather as a Grid Stress Scenario
- Flooding, Heat, Ice, Wind, and Wildfire Exposure
- Fuel Supply, Water Availability, and Other Dependencies
- Correlated Asset Damage and Resource Unavailability
- Critical Loads and Community Service Requirements
- Hardening, Redundancy, and Geographic Diversity
- Recovery Resources, Access, and Repair Logistics
- Stress Testing Beyond Routine Contingency Criteria
- Avoiding Resilience Measures That Shift Risk Elsewhere
58Cyber-Physical and Data Security10 Themen
- Why Grid Control Requires Both Physical and Digital Protection
- Asset Inventories and Trust Boundaries
- Identity, Access Control, and Least Privilege
- Separating Operational and Business-System Functions
- Integrity of Measurements, Models, and Control Commands
- Secure Remote Access and Supplier Interfaces
- Configuration Changes and Software-Update Assurance
- Monitoring, Logging, and Anomaly Investigation
- Backup, Recovery, and Continued Safe Operation
- Coordinating Cybersecurity and Power-System Engineering Teams
59Industrial and Critical-Facility Grid Interfaces10 Themen
- High-Demand Connections and Dedicated Substations
- Motor Starting and Large Load Steps
- Reactive-Power Demand and Compensation Requirements
- Harmonic-Producing Industrial Loads
- Sensitive Electronic Loads and Supply Disturbances
- Redundant Feeders and Common-Mode Supply Risk
- Backup Generation, UPS Systems, and Grid Coordination
- Railway, Port, and Transport Electrification Interfaces
- Protection and Grounding Across Ownership Boundaries
- Defining Connection Requirements from Facility Operating Needs
60Coupled Energy Systems10 Themen
- Electricity, Heat, Fuel, and Transport Interdependencies
- Combined Heat and Power as a Coupled Resource
- Electric Heating and Thermal Inertia as Grid Constraints
- Thermal Storage as a Source of Demand Flexibility
- Electrolyzers as Controllable Electrical Loads
- Fuel Cells as Grid-Connected Generation Interfaces
- Gas-Electric Dependencies During System Stress
- Coordinating Energy Flows Across Different Time Scales
- Representing Conversion Losses and Capacity Limits
- Keeping Grid Studies Separate from Detailed Process-Technology Design
Etappe 7
Engineering Practice & Studies
Studien, Tests und Anlagensicherheit
5 Module · 53 Themen
61Power-System Modeling and Simulation11 Themen
- Matching the Model to the Engineering Question
- Steady-State, Dynamic, and Electromagnetic-Transient Models
- Quasi-Static Time-Series Simulation
- Chronological Dispatch and Adequacy Models
- Positive-Sequence vs. Detailed Three-Phase Models
- Parameter Estimation and Data Uncertainty
- Scenario Design and Sensitivity Analysis
- Numerical Convergence and Physical Plausibility
- Verification, Validation, and Model Calibration
- Reproducibility, Version Control, and Study Audit Trails
- Explaining Model Limits in Engineering Conclusions
62Testing, Commissioning, and Performance Verification10 Themen
- Requirements, Acceptance Criteria, and Test Boundaries
- Factory and Site Acceptance Testing
- Instrumentation and Measurement Traceability
- Protection and Control Functional Tests
- End-to-End Signal and Scheme Verification
- Hardware-in-the-Loop and Controller-in-the-Loop Testing
- Interconnection Performance and Model Validation
- Test Safety, Qualified Personnel, and Approved Procedures
- Managing Defects, Exceptions, and Retesting
- Handover Evidence and Ongoing Compliance Responsibilities
63Electrical Safety and Human Factors11 Themen
- Electric Shock, Arc Flash, and Arc-Blast Hazards
- Induced Voltage, Backfeed, and Stored Energy
- Hazard Identification Before Work or Testing
- Isolation, Verification, and Work-Control Principles
- Protective Grounding and Equipotential Work Zones
- Clearance, Access, and Equipment-State Awareness
- Personal Protective Equipment and Its Limitations
- Switching Responsibility and Independent Checks
- Fatigue, Communication, and Human Error
- Emergency Preparedness and Qualified Response
- Why a Course Does Not Replace Authorization or Site-Specific Procedures
64Engineering Projects and Professional Practice10 Themen
- Translating System Needs into Technical Requirements
- Defining Study Scope, Interfaces, and Deliverables
- Coordinating Utilities, Equipment Suppliers, and Facility Owners
- Applying Relevant Standards and Connection Requirements
- Recording Assumptions and Unresolved Risks
- Managing Design Reviews and Technical Changes
- Specifications, Drawings, Models, and Equipment Schedules
- Traceability from Requirement to Test Evidence
- Communicating Uncertainty and Limits of Engineering Claims
- Public-Safety Responsibility Across the Grid Life Cycle
65Integrated Grid Engineering Studies11 Themen
- An Energy-Balance Model with Explicit System Boundaries
- A Three-Phase Feeder Model with Unbalanced Demand
- A Transmission Power-Flow and Contingency Study
- A Short-Circuit and Equipment-Duty Assessment
- A Protection-Coordination Study on a Synthetic Network
- A Reactive-Compensation Study for an Industrial Connection
- A Frequency-Response Comparison for Different Resource Mixes
- A Distributed-Resource Hosting-Capacity Assessment
- A Storage-and-Flexible-Demand Grid-Support Study
- An Islanded-System Restoration Simulation
- A Network-Reinforcement Proposal with Verified Technical Assumptions
Fünfzehn Minuten.Jeden Tag.
- 1
Eine Lektion passt in die Mittagspause
Eine Idee nach der anderen, auf kurzen Folien. Eine ganze Lektion dauert etwa fünfzehn Minuten.
- 2
Übung mit sofortigem Feedback
Die Fragen stecken in der Lektion. Antworte und sieh sofort, ob es sitzt.
- 3
Eine Serie, die dich zurückholt
Eine Lektion am Tag hält die Serie am Leben. Kleine, stetige Schritte tragen dich durch.
- 1
Eine Lektion passt in die Mittagspause
Eine Idee nach der anderen, auf kurzen Folien. Eine ganze Lektion dauert etwa fünfzehn Minuten.
- 2
Übung mit sofortigem Feedback
Die Fragen stecken in der Lektion. Antworte und sieh sofort, ob es sitzt.
- 3
Eine Serie, die dich zurückholt
Eine Lektion am Tag hält die Serie am Leben. Kleine, stetige Schritte tragen dich durch.
Für die nächsten Netz-Ingenieure.
Elektroingenieure beim Einstieg im Versorger
Projektentwickler vor dem Netzanschluss
Wo du am meisten wächst
Solar, Speicher und Microgrids sicher anschließen
Etappe 5 · Distribution & Clean-Energy IntegrationAußendiensttechniker mit Ziel Engineering
Wo du am meisten wächst
Schutz koordinieren, damit Fehler lokal bleiben
Etappe 3 · Analysis & Protection
Wohin dieser Kurs führt.
Der Job, um den dieser Kurs gebaut ist, und wie Menschen hineinkommen.
Power Systems Engineer
Sorgt dafür, dass das Stromnetz die Last tragen kann, die es tragen soll.
Alle ZukunftsberufeIm Job
- Eine Lastflussstudie für einen neuen Anschluss durchführen
- Prüfen, dass das Netz einen Fehler übersteht
- Ausbauten für mehr erneuerbare Energien und E-Autos planen
So kommt man hinein
Meist ein Studium in Elektrotechnik; in vielen Ländern zählen berufliche Ingenieurszulassungen.
Sei von Anfang an dabei.
Frühzugriff für Einzelpersonen, Piloten für Teams. Sag uns, wer lernt.
enterprise@astratrainer.com